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The breeze is an important factor in explaining the diurnal wind cycle (Barreto et al., 2002), particularly in coastal regions. As winds move from areas of high to low pressure, diurnal circulation carries winds from the sea to the land (onshore) at lower levels, creating a return current at higher levels, which characterizes the sea breeze. During the night, the reverse process occurs (offshore), known as the land breeze phenomenon.

The effects of climate change are present in all segments of society in general, and especially in the energy segment. Brazil plays a leading role in the use of renewable energy, with the majority of its matrix coming from renewable sources. In this sense, evaluating the impact of meteorological variables on the injected energy load is fundamental for the efficient use of energy. The present study aims to analyze the influences of meteorological variables on the energy load demand in Brasília – Federal District, Brazil. We analyzed observed data from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) weather station, reanalysis data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), reanalysis from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF), Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application Aerosol Reanalysis (MERRA-2) and South American Mapping of Temperature (SAMeT). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to quantify the linear relationship between the observed data from the meteorological station (INMET) and the monthly load injected in Brasília in the period 2016-2022. Subsequently, statistical metrics, commonly used for model checking, were applied to regularly spaced global numerical model datasets with assimilation: CFSR (NCEP), ERA5 (ECMWF), MERRA2 (NASA), and SAMET (INPE). A high direct correlation of the injected monthly load with the monthly averages of maximum and average temperatures (0.65 and 0.51), respectively, and an inverse correlation with the observed average relative humidity (-0.50) was noted. Furthermore, the representativeness of temperatures from the data sets was investigated, aiming to expand the analysis to other regions that do not have meteorological station data. In validating the maximum and average temperature, it was possible to identify a high representative potential of the sets covered. Highlights include SAMET and ERA5, which presented the highest correlation coefficients (higher than 0.90) and standard deviation proportional to observational data.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a component of the ocean biological pump, containing fractions of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON), and other biologically relevant elements. The role of DOM in marine systems is important for linking the carbon and nutrient cycles. Here we evaluate the seasonal DOC and DON distributions and the DOC/DON ratio in the upper 300 m of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean between 2004 and 2022. We used the dataset collected aboard the RV Polarstern on cruises under umbrella of the Alfred Wegener Institute, Germany, during austral summer 2012, winter/early spring 2013 and spring 2022 as well as datasets from international repositories collected in the spring 2004 and summers 2005, 2010 and 2014. DOC and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) were analyzed with a TOC-L® Series Shimadzu. DON was calculated by subtracting TDN and dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations. The austral spring presented the highest median concentrations of DOC and DON respectively, 49.8 µmol kg1 and 5.1 µmol kg1 and the lowest DOC/DON ratio (11.2). The DOC, DON and the DOC/DON ratio in spring were also statistically different from median results in winter (45.2 µmol kg1 , 3.4 µmol kg1 and 14.3) and summer (45.8 µmol kg1 , 3.6 µmol kg1 and 13.1). However, there were no differences between winter and summer conditions. The highest DOC and DON concentrations confirmed that spring is important for the DOM production and accumulation in the euphotic zone, due to the availability of light and nutrients for phytoplankton. We also corroborate studies in other sectors of the Southern Ocean showing that DOM deviates from the Redfield C/N ratio for plankton production (6.6). However, the release of nitrogen-rich organic matter by zooplankton may contribute to the DOC/DON ratio decrease in spring.

due to the spatiotemporal sampling limitations. To better understand the role of DOC in the Southern Ocean biogeochemical cycles, the Brazilian High Latitude Oceanography Group (GOAL) has carried out a continuous effort of DOC summertime observations, in the northern Antarctic Peninsula (NAP) since 2015. Here, we present an overview of recent advances in the study of DOC distributions along the NAP, between 2015 and 2019. We collected 894 DOC samples across 205 oceanographic stations. Samples were measured as non-purgeable organic carbon. DOC excess (ΔDOC) was calculated by subtracting surface and deep DOC concentrations. DOC concentrations in the NAP ranged from 33.0 to 162.0 µmol kg1 , with a median of 49.2 µmol kg1 . Surface DOC accumulation and vertical export occurred especially in the Gerlache Strait, the Bellingshausen Sea and, near the land portions of the Bransfield Strait, producing a maximum ΔDOC of 20 µmol kg1 , compared to the DOC available in NAP deep waters (~44 µmol kg1). Minimum DOC concentrations (< 45 µmol kg1) could be observed at the surface in the eastern basin of the Bransfield Strait, with concentrations increasing towards the Weddell Sea. The wide DOC spatial coverage and the continuity of annual summer sampling have made it possible to identify both significant differences in DOC distributions among the different NAP regions, interannual differences considering the data collected in the same regions. Furthermore, El Niño – Southern Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode impacted DOC distribution in Bransfield Strait between 2015 and 2016. Thus, DOC can be considered an important proxy to evaluate the coupling between physical, biogeochemical and climate processes over time.

Urban development in Brazil often lacks adequate infrastructure, leading to disorderly occupations that result in conflicts with nature, such as urban floods causing significant damages to society. In response, the implementation of control measures to prevent or mitigate this problem becomes imperative. The production of flood area maps constitutes a non-structural measure, a resource of urban planning that utilizes Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools to extract essential information for decision-making. Flood episodes are part of the history of Santa Rita do Sapucaí municipality, with three major floods occurring in recent decades. Aware of the possibility of these incidents, the population recognizes the importance of the limnimetric gauge as a crucial tool to monitor river levels. Given this scenario, this study aims to apply a methodology for mapping flood-prone areas in the Sapucaí River, especially in the urban area of Santa Rita do Sapucaí, MG. Topographic surveys and river slope analysis were conducted to process flood areas. For comparison and validation of the methodology, historical flood event markers from the years 2000, 2007, and 2011 were used. The flood area mapping methodology demonstrated efficiency in analyzing these events, presenting an average error of 10% in flood height. This positions it as an exceptional tool for municipal urban planning, assisting authorities in decision-making regarding these recurring events.

A ciência desempenha um papel crucial na sociedade moderna, fornecendo uma compreensão aprofundada do mundo. No entanto, a ampla disseminação e transmissão desse conhecimento para pesquisadores, estudantes e o público em geral enfrentam desafios significativos. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho engloba a criação de uma estrutura de base de dados robusta e eficiente, que surge como uma solução fundamental para a divulgação e transmissão eficazes do conhecimento científico. Com a constante atualização de dados e contribuições científicas no Portal Web da Divisão de Impactos, Adaptação e Vulnerabilidades (DIIAV), bem como o aprimoramento do sistema de leitura, análise e organização de informações para maior dinamicidade e experiência do usuário final, foram desenvolvidos relatórios contínuos de dados com períodos mensais com objetivo de mapear o alcance das publicações com Google Analytics e Google Trends, bem como a reestruturação de páginas e suporte aos sistemas de upload de trabalhos, a fim de garantir acesso à informação. Além disso, foram desenvolvidos trabalhos de design para os cadernos do projeto NEXUS em parceria com o Núcleo de Comunicação da Coordenação, através do software de criação Figma. Os trabalhos de design se concentraram na interdisciplinaridade e comunicação entre os Núcleos de Comunicação e os trabalhos da Divisão, para potencializar e maximizar o alcance dos desenvolvimentos científicos propostos pelos trabalhos, bem como do que é desenvolvido pela comunidade científica englobada pela divisão. Também mostra o auxílio e manutenção contínua da base de dados e dos sites que estão em um novo servidor web para assegurar a estabilidade dos sites e a consistência dos dados da Divisão, verificação das funcionalidades dos elementos de UI/UX dos sites e adição de novas funcionalidades a fim de manter os sites da Divisão sempre atualizados.