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This article addresses the conficts over water use and the appropriation of sanitation sector by new actors, considering the new legal framework and climatic changes context. The analysis was done under the Sustainable Development Goal 6 lens: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all. Brazilian sanitation sector has been afected by constant changes in the legal framework that occurred in the past decade. Knowing that the universalization of public water supply and access to sewage infrastructure was not reached yet, added to this the unequal distribution of water and sanitation according to populations and regions, prevailing the access in urban centers in detriment of communities living in peripheral areas, it is necessary to understand those uses considering the theory of conficts over water uses. Drought events and water governance crisis are added to the problems mentioned and associated to climate Injustice, in a way that make it essential to include climate changes and climate adaptation in the sanitation agenda, so that access to water and sanitation can be guaranteed for all.