Publicações

Some land cover designs optimize environmental conservation with agricultural production. Restored forest areas increases the biodiversity, the provision of ecosystem services (ESs), and the sustainable use of resources by human. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest provides a broad set of relevant ESs for million Brazilian, but has undergone massive forest loss. Restoration efforts are key topics driving the Brazilian Atlantic Forest future. Atlantic Forest regions like São Paulos Paraiba Valley (VPP) is unfavorable for large-scale mechanized agriculture. Only the areas around the Paraiba do Sul River are occupied by annual and perennial crops for food, feed, and fuel production. Most VPP areas are dominated by pastures in different degradation stages. Pasture areas are priority for forest restoration. Private lands (PLs) occupied 60% of VPP. Small properties represent 88% of total PLs in this region, occupying a little over 335.000ha of the VPP. Small, medium and large properties have 75.000ha with legal deficits of native vegetation in legal reserves (LRs) and permanent preservation areas (PPAs). The largest LRs and PPAs deficits belong to medium and large properties, summing up 60.000ha. Highest LRs deficits are located in properties close to the Paraiba do Sul River. The PPAs deficits are distributed through all the VPP. By combining spatially explicit landscape with an optimization methodology for land cover and land use patterns, our study explore landscape designs to VPP. The model optimizes the biodiversity restoration, the provision of the ES of carbon stock in biomass, and the increase of economic income for rural farmers. The main findings of this work will contribute to the forest restoration planning in tropical agricultural landscape.