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This work presents the state of art of the studies regarding impact of extreme climate events (like heavy floods and severe droughts) in the Amazon basin in the livelihood of local riverine population inhabitants of the region. It draws from fieldwork experiences carried out in Flona do Tapajós, Lower Amazon, Silves municipality, Central Amazon, and Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, Upper Amazon Basin. It collected local accounts about how the local communities perceive interannual variability that is increasing because of extreme climatic events. Inasmuch, it assessed the impact of severe drought in 2005 and 2010 on their livelihood and the heavy flood of 2006 and 2009, touch on adaptation strategies developed by locals to overcome these extreme events, especially regarding its impact on natural resources management at the same time investigating the public policy in place to deal with disasters in the region. As a conclusion, this work points out some gaps on the scientific and policymaking strategies on the region as well as some guidance of how to move forward with science- policy agenda interface aiming towards sustainability, food security and socioeconomic wellbeing of Amazon population face global environmental change.