In this paper we present indices of climate change based on daily maximum (TX) and minimum (TN) temperature data collected by the National Institute of Meteorology in Rio de Janeiro city in the period 1967-2001. A total of 13 indices were considered as defined in Peterson et al. (2001): SU25, TR20, TXx, TNx, TXn, TNn, TN10p, TX10p, TN90p, TX90p, WSDI, CSDI and DTR. The ordinary climatological station (83007) of Alto da Boa Vista was chosen because it is located in a forested area, since its installation, without relocations. It had been working during the period of June, 1st 1966 to September, 26th 2008 in the same place (latitude: 22o5738, longitude: 43o1613 and altitude: 347.09 m). Unfortunately, there are many gaps in the data and ten years were excluded from the analysis. So, we are working with three periods: 1967-1975 (period A with 9 years and without interruptions), 1979-1988 (period B with 9 years, excluding 1985) and 1992-2006 (period C with 12 years, excluding 1993, 1997 and 2001). The results showed significant trends only for the maximum temperature indices, specially TXx, SU25, TX10p, WSDI and DTR. The yearly maximum value of the daily maximum temperature (TXx – Warmest days) increased from 36.0oC (average in period A), to 36.4oC (average in period B) and finally 36.5oC (average in period C). A significant increasing trend was also observed in the annual count when TX>25oC (SU25 – summer days), with 191 days in average in the period A, 231 days in average in the period B and 236 days in the period C. The index TX10p (cold days), representing the percentage of days in the months when TX<10th percentile, showed a significant decreasing trend, with 15% of cool days in the month in period A, then 9% (period B) and finally only 7% of cool days in the months in period C. The warm days (TX90p) slightly increased over the three periods. The index WSDI, that is a warm spell duration indicator, representing the annual count of days with at least 6 consecutive days when TX>90th percentile, also exhibits an increasing trend. Finally the diurnal temperature range (DTR) calculated as the monthly mean difference between TX and TN, shows an increasing trend, with average values ranging from 7.8 oC (period A), to 8.6 oC (period B) and 9.0 oC (period C). No significant trends were found for indices of minimum temperature, except for CSDI, that shows an increasing trend. This cold spell duration indicator is the annual count of days with at least 6 consecutive days when TN < 10th percentile. This index was 2.8, 2.9 and 7.4 days in average for periods A, B and C, respectively. In conclusion, although the findings reveals no consistent changes in the indices based on daily minimum temperatures, significant trends were observed in the indices based on daily maximum temperatures. The warmest day of the year is getting warmer and more frequently (SU25). The percentage of cool days is decreasing, while the percentage of warm days is increasing. The warm spell duration and the diurnal temperature range are increasing. These results suggested that the station Alto da Boa Vista climate is becoming warmer.
Redes Sociais